000			01897nam a2200289 a 4500
001			rea00033385
005			20190704021620.0
008			s2005 wau e 001 0 eng d
035			_z60185
039			_a33380 _cTLC
100	1		_aFreund, Caroline L.
245	1	0	_aRemittances : _btransaction costs, determinants, and informal flows / _cCaroline Freund, Nikola Spatafora.
260			_aWashington, D. C : _bWorld Bank, _c2005.
300			_a42p ; _c27 cm.
440		0	_aPolicy research working papers ; _vno. 3704
500			_aAlso available online.
500			_a"Recorded workers' remittances to developing Countries have grown rapidly, to more than $100 billion in 2004, bringing increasing attention to these flows as a potential tool for development. But even these statistics are likely to significantly understate true remittances, as a large share is believed to flow through informal channels. Estimates of the importance of the informal sector vary widely, ranging from 35 percent to 250 percent of total remittances. The primary motivation of the authors is to develop the first empirical methodology to estimate informal flows. They use insights from the literature on shadow economies and empirically estimate informal remittances for more than 100 Countries using historical data on the balance of payments (BOP), migration, transaction costs, and country characteristics. Their results imply that informal remittances amount of about 35-37 pe
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references.
506			_aOpen access.
650		0	_aEmigrant remittances _xDeveloping Countries.
650		0	_aInformal sector (Economics) _xDeveloping Countries.
700	1		_aSpatafora, Nikola jt. author.
710	2		_aWorld Bank.
949			_aBSPC _bSPC _cHG3881.5 _d.W57 no.3704 _g60185 _5N
961			_t1
999			_c25521 _d25521